For ages we have been coming together around a table to eat, drink 
and be merry. As our culture has evolved, so has the art of setting the 
table for entertaining. In the 
medieval times of kings, 
queens and knights, where someone sat in relation to the salt cellar on 
the table indicated social standing, and people brought their own spoons
 and knives to dinner. There were no plates or forks, so diners would 
sit, feast and leave the debris to be cleaned. Hosts did provide 
napkins, though, so guests could clean up before heading home. 
It wasn’t until the 17th century that the fork arrived at the dinner table. With the fork came a more refined choice of 
table linens.
 By the 18th century, silversmiths were making more attractive and 
delicate tableware, and wealthy nobles and royals were stocking their 
sideboards with the finest. Manners improved, and a more elaborate table
 setting was born.
Nowadays we opt for table settings that suit 
us and the occasion. We can serve dishes Jamie Oliver–style on big 
wooden boards in the middle of the table or serve each course 
individually in succession. We can barbecue or cook in front of our 
guests or serve food at designated stations. So pull out the silver and 
linens and experiment with what works for you. Here are some ideas to 
get you started. 
 
We can thank 19th-century Russia for the use of place cards and place settings. Service à la russe — in which the host lays out all the plates, cutlery and glassware each guest will need during the meal — has
 stayed with us through the centuries. Courses are brought out in 
succession, and guests proceed from their top plate down and, for their cutlery, outside in.
Women and men in alternate seats around the dinner table still is common at formal events.
 
 
The Traditional Table Setting
The knife. Before
 the 18th century, guests used knives to stab into their food and hold 
it up for eating. The implement was kept to the left of the guest — it 
wasn’t until the fork emerged that it found its way to the right, and 
it’s remained this way ever since (unless you’re left handed). Knives 
are always placed with the blade toward the plate. 
In formal 
dining situations, separate salad and dinner knives may be laid out, but
 it’s common for just one knife to be used for all the courses. The 
knife, however, should be removed before dessert is served.
 
 
The fork. In a formal 
setting, always follow the rule of working from the outside in. You 
should place the fork needed for each course starting at the outer left 
and work toward the plate. We tend to use two or three forks in a formal
 sit-down meal, but in the early 19th century, each guest got more than 
four. 
For dessert the fork is placed on the left, and the spoon 
(or dessert knife) is placed on the right. You can choose to lay the 
pieces out at the beginning or bring them out with the dessert course.
 
 
The spoon. Spoons 
traditionally are always to the right of the place setting and to the 
right of the knife. If soup is being served first, the spoon will be the
 outermost implement. If a tea and coffee spoon or dessert spoon is 
needed, place it to the left of the soup spoon and to the right of the 
knife.
Nowadays, for aesthetic reasons, we tend to lay out our 
cutlery out according to size, as in the place setting here. There’s no 
hard and fast rule, but for a traditional setting, placement is always 
based on the outside in for the courses served.
 
 
Today’s Table Settings
Shine the silver. A
 formal dinner can be a wonderful time to bring out the family silver. 
You can also get creative and place all the vintage pieces together to 
create an individual set for your guests.
Tip: An easy way
 to get your silver clean is to pop some foil in a baking tray, then 
fill the tray with water and a teaspoon of baking soda. Soak the silver 
pieces for 10 minutes, then rinse them under warm water. Let them air 
dry and buff them with a clean cloth.
 
 
Use placemats. For wooden 
tables especially, placemats not only add to the design of your place 
setting, but also protect your table surface. Use the mat as a 
designated area for plates and cutlery, and have fun with mixing 
patterns with colors. Creative placemat mixing can liven up the table; 
not every place setting has to be the same. Try buying two sets and 
alternating them for each place.
 
 
Let the cutlery take center stage. Presenting
 the plates and cutlery in the center of the dining table instantly 
creates a warm, family-style atmosphere. People can chat as they pass 
the plates around and help serve those around them, which adds warmth to
 the dining experience. Table decorations can be minimal, with the focus
 kept on the tableware and the food being served, like a pot roast for 
dinner or Mom’s minestrone for lunch.
 
 
Get creative with cutlery. For a more relaxed approach, bundle each guest’s cutlery and napkins and place the set on each plate.
By
 keeping the color palette neutral, you can create a classic and chic 
aesthetic. Consider using textured pieces, such as raffia or burlap, to 
tie together your cutlery and napkins. By limiting the cutlery and the 
number of plates, you can make the affair more casual.
 
 
Celebrate with little gifts or favors. It
 can be a nice gesture to place little gifts or favors on each of your 
guests’ place settings. These can be very small items, such as homemade 
jam, a vintage teaspoon, a bag of homemade biscotti or a potted 
succulent cutting from the garden.
It’s a beautiful way to decorate the table, and your guests will feel welcomed into your home.
 
 
Enjoy tray service. A fun 
alternate way to dress up place settings is to play on the tray service 
idea. Each individual place setting can be designed on a tray, which can
 be left at the table for your guests or brought to your guests as they 
take a seat. Cutlery can be placed within the tray to create a set, or 
on the outside, making the tray more like a placemat. It makes for fun 
conversation and easy cleanup.
 
 
Mix your plates. When we 
entertain, we love to bring out our favorite dinner sets and cutlery, 
but for many of us, storing both everyday and formal dining sets is 
nearly impossible. If this is the case, why not look at adding designer 
or patterned pieces to your everyday plates? Simply by adding a 
patterned entrée plate, you can create a whole new dining set for a 
special occasion. This can work in reverse, too, with a patterned 
charger plate beneath your everyday dinner plate. 
Mix Your Plates for Memorable Table Settings 
 
 
Accommodate a drinks menu. Glasses
 for drinks being served during the meal are typically placed to the top
 right of the dinner plate, above the knife and spoons. It’s traditional
 to have a water glass and other glasses — wine or 
champagne glasses, or a highball glass for iced tea — depending on what you’re serving. 
Choose
 glassware that’s appropriate for the event, but you can also have fun 
with color and size. Try using stemless wineglasses, mason jars or 
goblets as water glasses. 
Stemless champagne flutes are a sturdy choice for outdoor events.